“I can’t lose weight because my hormones are out of whack.” I have heard this sentiment from countless female clients. Women suffering from fatty liver, prediabetes, high cholesterol, gallbladder problems, and depression feel powerless in their struggle to lose weight and feel healthy.

Hormonal imbalance has long been to blame for unexplained weight gain. As we age, many factors can upset the delicate balance between our hormones.

Why is it then, after addressing these factors, some of us still have difficulty losing weight?

Why Hormones Need to Be Reset

It’s simple. Every hormone is a key that must turn a lock in order to be effective. These “locks” are called receptor sites. Inflammation—from a variety of seemingly unrelated factors—can alter the shape of our receptors, making our hormonal “keys” ineffective.

Here are the hidden sources that can clog up receptor sites and “gum up” your system:

• Constant exposure to xenoestrogens (estrogen mimics) in our diet, environment, and even our personal care products.
• Sugar, alcohol and caffeine intake (coffee, black tea, green tea, and white tea).
• High fructose intake (even from natural foods like unsweetened applesauce and tomatoes).
• Stress, EMFs (electromagnetic frequencies) and sleep deprivation.
• “Grain Drain” from wheat, rye, barley, and corn based products (which are usually genetically modified, to add insult to injury).
• Meat, dairy and eggs from animals treated with growth hormones

Your Personal Hormone Tune-Up

By making a few tweaks in your daily routine you can easily re-shape your receptors for a personal hormone tune-up, resulting in lasting weight control and well-being.

Estrogen is the ultimate hormone magnet for sodium and fat. When out of balance with its sister hormone progesterone, estrogen dominance creates an increase in water retention, migraines, memory lapses, and will promote fat storage around hips and thighs. It can even accelerate aging!

• Topical Progesterone crème can help offset estrogen dominance.
• Reduce copper-rich foods like chocolate, nuts and seeds, soy, avocados, and shell fish. Copper is closely associated with estrogen, so women using copper IUDs or birth control pills are at high risk for estrogen dominance.
• Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly to remove estrogen-mimicking pesticides, fungicides, and herbicides.
• Do not re-heat food in plastic containers, and choose a water bottle made of glass or stainless steel rather than plastic.
• Avoid personal care products that include endocrine disruptors like parabens and phthalates.
• Sweep away excess estrogen by using two tablespoons of lignan-rich toasted cold milled flaxseeds each day, sprinkled on your food or blended in smoothies.
• Season soup, stew, chili or other bean dishes with 2 to 3 cardamom seeds. Cardamom is a digestive aid with the unique ability to cleanse and detoxify the liver, which is essential for hormone balancing.
• Optimize estrogen metabolism by supplementing with DIM (diindolylmethane). Take 100 mg twice daily with meals.

Tune-Up Tricks for Clean Insulin Receptors

Insulin levels skyrocket with excessive intake of sugar, alcohol, and caffeine. Meals that are not properly balanced with blood sugar-stabilizing protein and fat also spike insulin, overwhelming receptor sites and triggering fat storage. When receptors are blocked or already saturated, insulin resistance occurs, giving rise to metabolic syndrome and contributing to high blood sugar and elevated triglycerides.

If weight gain, cravings for sugar, intense hunger, feeling frequently hungry, difficulty concentrating, feeling anxious or panicky, lacking focus or motivation, fatigue are your major symptoms, then it is time to clean up your insulin receptor sites.

• Sip on a glass of water with 1 teaspoon of raw apple cider vinegar during each meal. The acidity of ACV slows the digestion of carbohydrates and can lower blood sugar by as much as 30 percent!
• Enjoy hot lemon water first thing in the morning in place of one of your cups of coffee. Coffee consumption while fasting is associated with increased fasting insulin concentration and decreased insulin sensitivity, as determined by The American Diabetes Association.
• Supplement with 400 micrograms (mcg) chromium, which is a key mineral for blood sugar regulation and is commonly deficient in our diet.
• Use stevia in place of sugar in beverages, smoothies, and baking. Stevia is a naturally sweet-tasting herb that does not cause an increase in blood sugar.
• Season your food liberally with cinnamon, cloves, bay leaves, and coriander—which are all proven to help your body metabolize sugar.

Tune-Up Tricks for Clean Leptin Receptors

Leptin is the hormone of satiety. If you never feel satisfied after a meal, then clogged leptin receptors is likely your problem. Levels soar when you’re eating high amounts of fructose and not enough essential and healthy fats. Receptors are never able clear out.

• Avoid foods high in fructose, which stimulate the appetite. Obvious offenders are processed foods and drinks that contain high fructose corn syrup. Less obvious are natural foods like tomatoes, unsweetened apple sauce, and agave. Fat free salad dressings, ketchup and barbeque sauces pack an unsuspected punch as well.
• Eat protein within 30 minutes of waking. Enjoy a plant-based protein smoothie as a clinically proven way of clearing out leptin receptors and promoting satiety.
• Reactivate leptin receptor sensitivity by including omega fatty acids 3, 6, and 9 in your diet. Black currant seed oil offers an unparalleled combination of these essential fats that increase metabolism, fight inflammation, and add luster to hair, skin, and fingernails.

Tune-Up Tricks for Clean Cortisol Receptors

Fat-promoting cortisol is activated by stress, EMF exposure, and sleep deprivation. Just one night of poor sleep can raise cortisol by 45 percent! A stressful conversation at work is enough to overload cortisol receptors within minutes, and 24/7 use of wireless devices add insult to injury by ramping up cortisol production, with the creation of over 20 heat-shock proteins. Excess circulating cortisol is responsible for weight gain around the midsection, low immunity, salt and sugar cravings, tissue destruction and inflammation—all of which begin a vicious cycle that can quickly lead to adrenal burnout.

• Treat yourself with coffee whipped up with 1 tablespoon each of coconut oil and vanilla whey protein. Black coffee on an empty stomach tanks blood sugar, which sends cortisol levels through the roof. Blending with a little healthy fat and protein, however, can prevent the cortisol spike.
• Practice yoga and meditation. These stress-relieving activities are proven to lower cortisol.
• Put down electronics one hour before bed. EMFs affect the body on a biological level, raising cortisol. To wind down and promote restful sleep, disable your wireless router, switch mobile devices into airplane mode, and read a book instead of watching TV.

Tune-Up Tricks for Clean Thyroid Hormone Receptors

Your thyroid is a key metabolic driver. When it is under-active, you’ll be experiencing fatigue, joint pain, depression, impaired memory, constipation, cold hands and feet, dry skin, hair loss, and weak fingernails.

• Go grain free. Many grains contain gluten, which is a type of protein that looks so similar to thyroid hormone that it can actually trick our bodies into producing less of this critical hormone. Eliminate gluten containing grains from your diet to naturally reset thyroid hormone production. Wheat, rye, spelt, kamut, couscous, oats, triticale, and barley should be avoided. Gluten-free alternatives are millet, brown or wild rice, taro, teff, buckwheat, quinoa, and amaranth. Instead of flour, consider using arrowroot or tapioca for thickening.
• Cook with coconut oil. This healthy fat is a rich source of medium chain fatty acids that improve the efficiency of your thyroid and boost metabolism by 56 percent!
• Get tested. Ask your doctor to order a comprehensive thyroid test that evaluates TSH, Free T4, Free T3, Reverse T3, and thyroid antibodies. Keep in mind that “normal” values for these hormones are not always the optimal level for your unique biochemistry. I like to see T3 at the upper quarter of the normal range.

Tune-Up Tricks for Clean HGH Receptors

Human Growth Hormone (HGH) is not only a key player adolescent development, it plays a crucial role in bone remodeling, cardiovascular protection, and body composition as we age. Too bad that once you turn 40, HGH production decreases by 14 percent every decade! The issue is further complicated by exogenous sources of HGH in meat, dairy, and eggs treated with growth hormone rBST. This unnatural hormone exposure can fool our bodies into producing less of our own bioavailable HGH. Symptoms of low HGH include muscle loss, high body fat percentage, anxiety, depression, low libido, and high blood pressure.

• Eat Montmorency tart cherries, a naturally rich source of melatonin. Italian researchers discovered a 157 percent increase in HGH levels when study participants took 5 mg of melatonin at night before bed. I encourage my clients to sip on ¼ cup tart cherry juice diluted with 1 cup of water between 7 pm and 9 pm.
• Adopt an interval training exercise program. Alternate short periods of high intensity activity with longer periods of low to moderately intense activity for a surefire way to increase HGH production by more than 500 percent!
• Ground yourself. The revolutionary Earthing technology naturally raises melatonin levels while simultaneously lowering cortisol and eliminating inflammation.
• Eliminate dairy. While most milk labels assure that cows were not treated with rBST, many other dairy products are not able to make this claim—think butter, sour cream, cheese, yogurt, coffee creamer, etc. Keep the synthetic HGH out of your diet!
• Choose only organic meat and eggs. USDA organic standards prevent the use of growth hormone in animals.

The Daily Detox

Fat stores more than just excess weight—toxins of all types are stored in fat, too. Heavy metals, chemicals, drug residues, and excess hormones are sequestered in our fat cells as a method of protection, so as we burn fat and lose weight many toxins are released into circulation in our bodies.

Since we can’t just let those toxins circulate, it’s crucial to have tried-and-true detoxifiers to bind with and eliminate these dangerous compounds. Incorporate as many of the following finale “tune-ups” to ensure a thorough hormone and weight loss makeover!

• Soak in a luxurious detox bath once or twice per week. Add 2 cups baking soda and 2 cups sea salt to a hot bath and relax until that water cools. Towel off and do not rinse for 4 hours. The initial hot water brings toxins to the surface of the skin. As the water cools, osmosis draws toxins away from the heat of the body and into the cooling water. This is especially good to alleviate jet-lag and radiation-related fatigue.
• Cran-water and pure water are essential to keeping your lymph flowing, which is a main means of toxin removal.
• Fiber up with flax and chia seeds. Their soluble and insoluble fiber ensures toxins that are dumped into the digestive tract are bound and promptly eliminated. Flax and chia seeds are wonderfully detoxifying in this way, so try incorporating 2 to 4 tablespoons per day into your diet.
• Try activated charcoal, which uses the principle of absorption to soak up toxins in the stomach, like a sponge soaking up water.

Bad bacteria, like the ones that cause food poisoning, could also be causing your SIBO, and surprisingly, Fatty Liver Disease as well.

You’ve heard it from me countless times over the years – your body is only as healthy as your gut. If you can’t digest and absorb nutrients from food and drinks while also fending off foreign invaders, then there’s something wrong with your gut – and that something might be food poisoning.

Ten percent of people who come down with a case of food poisoning don’t recover and it becomes a chronic bacterial infection. When this happens, it can progress into Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO), and as researchers have recently discovered, it can wreak further havoc and lead to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD).

The good news is you can beat the bloat and get your gut health back on track with a few simple steps.

Digestion 101

Your digestive system is the first line of defense for most of the foreign invaders your body comes in contact with. This complex system has multiple internal lines of defense to keep these harmful invaders from breaching its protective front lines and invading your bloodstream, where they are able to travel pretty much anywhere in the body to wreak havoc.

The digestive cascade all starts in your mouth with chewing and saliva production. Chewing your food thoroughly stimulates the release of saliva, which in turn signals how much stomach acid to make, followed by digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the gallbladder. In your intestines, your microbiome – the collection of healthy bacteria that makes up part of the immune system in your gut and helps you break down and absorb nutrients – gets to work breaking down food and attacking unwanted hitchhikers that make it past the stomach.

When all of this is working properly, it also balances the pH needed in each area and controls how much peristalsis – the wave-like contractions of the intestines – needs to happen to move the food along. The end result is food that is broken down, all the nutrients extracted and sent where they’re needed, and any harmful invaders neutralized and easily eliminated through regular bowel movements.

This delicately balanced system can be thrown out of whack at any point along the course – you don’t chew your food thoroughly, which causes less stomach acid to be released, and then fewer pancreatic enzymes and less bile is released. Or you drink too much liquid while you eat, which dilutes your stomach acid, causing a slow down of the whole system. Or perhaps worst of all, a break down in the microbiome allows bad bacteria to survive, and you now have an illness – like food poisoning – to fight.

How Food Poisoning Causes SIBO

Thanks to your microbiome, at least 60 percent of your immune system is in your gut. This is likely because it’s your first line of defense against most of the foreign organisms you encounter. Aside from the food and drinks you put in your mouth, the secretions from your pulmonary system drain into your stomach, and anything you touch before putting your fingers in your mouth also ends up in your digestive system.

If there is any weakness to your microbiome – either not enough probiotic bacteria or not enough diversity – the bad bacteria that cause food poisoning will take over and cause illness, damage, and eventually SIBO (Small Intestine Bacteria Overgrowth). According to researchers, food poisoning bacteria like Salmonella, E. coli, Campylobacter jejuni and Shigella all produce a potent neurotoxin called cytolethal distending toxin B. The more antibodies you make against this toxin, the more likely you are to develop SIBO.

Cytolethal distending toxin B is molecularly similar to a good protein we have in our intestines called vinculin. Because your antibodies can’t tell these two proteins apart, the same antibodies that attack the neurotoxin also attack your good vinculin protein. Vinculin is a “good guy” for the nerve cells in your gut; it stimulates peristalsis in its surroundings. When you have less of this protein then you have weak muscle contractions, which means food stays too long in the small intestine.

This slower transit time gives bacteria the chance to latch on, feed, and overgrow. Once bacteria overgrows in the small intestine, the result is bloating, gas, inflammation (and more), the hallmarks of SIBO. Food poisoning and its resulting gastrointestinal damage is now considered to be one of the major causes of SIBO. But, in the case of E. coli, the damage doesn’t stop there.

From SIBO to NAFLD - How Bad Bacteria Just Get Worse

Did you know the protective lining of the intestines – that separates harmful bacteria from your bloodstream – is only one cell in thickness? It’s true! Normally, there’s a protective mucus layer over this lining that houses the majority of your microbiome. But, when the microbiome gets disrupted, the mucus layer can be destroyed by bad bacteria (or parasites) and invade your body by getting into your bloodstream, causing systemic inflammation.

E. coli is especially heinous, and is a major contributor to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). When it overgrows in the small intestine, it gives off alcohol as its byproduct. So this bacteria in particular causes that food to ferment, increasing bloating, the release of toxins, and the production of alcohol. Once it breaks through your intestinal barrier, all of that alcohol floods your system and heads for your liver.

The alcohol produced by bacteria poisons your liver the same way the alcohol you drink does.

It used to be that we only saw Fatty Liver Disease in people who regularly drank excessive amounts of alcohol. Now NAFLD affects more than one-fourth of the adult population in the US. We see it most commonly in people with high carbohydrate diets who are feeding the alcohol-producing bacteria (and yeasts) in their disrupted microbiome. In fact, these alcohol-producing bacteria have been found in more than 60% of NAFLD patients.

Your alcohol levels from the bacteria (and yeasts) can actually go so high that you register a blood alcohol level of intoxication. This is called Auto-Brewery Syndrome and is rare, but should give you a good idea of just how much alcohol these bacteria can make. So, if you’re experiencing bloating, brain fog, inflammation, and fatigue, then it’s time to tune-up your microbiome and strengthen your intestinal border function.

Get Your Gut Health Back in 3 Easy Steps

1. Cleanse Your Digestive System

   SIBO and NAFLD are both signs that your microbiome has been disrupted, allowing harmful bacteria to invade and do damage. So, good gut health starts with a gentle but thorough cleanse. There are two ways to go about this.

   • For Recent Symptoms

     First, if you’ve only recently developed the symptoms, you may be able to do a broad spectrum herbal colon cleanse.

   • For Ongoing Symptoms

     If the problem has been ongoing, it may make more sense to start with a comprehensive laboratory test like the Expanded GI Panel from UNI KEY Health or a DNA probe to determine exactly which bacteria are causing your issues so you can make a more targeted, informed approach.

2. Take Enzyme Supplements

   Once the delicate lining of the intestines is injured, the digestive enzymes that are normally attached are flushed out without being able to do their job. So, supplementing with digestive enzymes is not only helpful to fight inflammation but also provides good digestive support while you are healing. I recommend taking a good quality, broad spectrum digestive enzyme formula with every meal.

   Also, enteric-coated peppermint capsules have been found to soothe the inflammation associated with SIBO and are currently being researched for their antimicrobial effects in the intestine.

3. Restore Your Microbiome

   It’s important to “seed and feed” your microbiome – it contains trillions of bacteria ready to come to your aid. Once it is disrupted and harmful microorganisms have begun to overgrow, you need to bring back healthy probiotic populations so it can effectively do its work again. Taking a good quality probiotic that contains the prebiotic food they prefer is something I consider essential to helping restore health to your microbiome.

   Numerous studies show there is a strong relationship between choline deficiency and NAFLD, so I believe choline supplementation is essential for liver support. I recommend taking a supplement twice daily to get your daily dose of choline.

Your “healthy” sunscreen is packed. CHECK! Your wide brimmed hat is in the bag. CHECK! Even healthy snacks are now part of your travel accompaniments. But there’s one thing I bet will be forgotten on far too many of the approximately 1.7 billion trips taken this year.

No matter where your travels may lead you (even here in the USA) you need to be proactive when it comes to uninvited guests—parasites, that is! These can lurk in the most pristine water, in ice cubes (absolutely none in drinks, please), fresh water lakes, and on those white silver sands.

How exactly do they make their way into your body? I hate to tell you that it’s easier than you’d think. I bet you’re quite aware that it’s imperative to be cautious of your diet during international travel. Parasites can lurk in all sorts of food and drink. Plus, the local population might not even be aware because they’ve developed an immunity—but you have not.

Don’t make the mistake of thinking you’re safe in certain places because you can be anywhere and come in contact with parasites—such as dining at a trendy sushi restaurant, consuming undercooked meat at a steak house, or a drinking out of a glass that wasn’t properly washed.

Seemingly Innocent Sources

But it doesn’t end at dietary. You can pick up parasites simply by taking a dip in a local body of water or even unwittingly walking through scat of some sort. I recently became privy to the story of a man who had what his doctor originally thought was a varicose vein in his foot. Upon noticing that the location of this vein was moving, they discovered that it was actually a parasite living inside his foot that he’d picked up during a recent trip!

Whether you’re in a remote jungle or you’re walking along the beach, ensure that you’re wearing the proper footwear to prevent coming in direct contact with sneaky parasites.

Along these lines, a recent study of the brain tissue of deceased patients who’d suffered from neurological conditions found that 19 of those studies contained three Borrelia pathogens—including the one known to cause Lyme disease. This is another discovery in the growing body of research showing a strong connection between untreated parasitic infections and Lyme disease. Many believe that they picked up this frustrating and debilitating illness from horseback riding, time spent in the woods, and most certainly, excursions while on vacation.

To make matters worse, symptoms often don’t immediately appear, so you could be settled in back home before while the parasites have been silently multiplying and preparing for attack, unbeknown to you.

Parasitic Problem

If a selection of these symptoms has recently popped up (or have been plaguing you for some time), there might be an issue.

• Anxiety, nervousness and depression
• Frequent infections including yeast infections and colds
• Nagging cravings for sweets
• Intestinal issues like intermittent constipation, diarrhea, bloating, and gas
• Joint or muscle pain
• Difficulty sleeping or nighttime teeth grinding
• Fatigue that won’t let up
• Dark circles around or under the eyes
• Acne, eczema, hives, rashes or other skin conditions
• Sensory disorders such as vertigo, brain fog or poor coordination

Prepare Before You Pack

So, what can you do?

While you’re on your trip, you can—and should—be very aware of what you eat. Research restaurants, stay away from street vendors, be cautious of pre-cut fruits and veggies that could have been washed in contaminated water, and avoid undercooked meat, fish, dairy, and cold topping and condiments.

You can take it a big step further by prepping your body prior to your travels. My mentor Dr. Hazel Parcells (who lived to be 106!) was a huge believer in detox baths—and so am I. The idea behind these baths is that they supercharge your immunity by balancing your cellular pH level, creating an undesirable environment for parasitic invaders.

Please do try this bath once or twice a week during the time leading up to your trip, as well as after your return.

1. Run a tub to the hottest temperature you can manage. Dissolve 1 pound of salt (like Kosher salt) and 1 pound of baking soda in the water, and begin to soak.
2. Sip a glass of warm water mixed with ½ teaspoon of salt and ½ teaspoon of baking soda for internal pH balance.
3. Get out of the bath when the water is cool. Don’t shower for at least four hours.

Did you ever play games as a kid such as “Would you rather..?”

• Would you rather be attacked by a lion or a bear?
• Would you rather be stranded on a deserted island or lost in the woods?
• Would you rather lose your hearing or your eyesight?

According to surveys (Yes, scientists study everything!), the most common answer is that people would preserve their vision over hearing. Some of the reasons given are that they equate vision with more independence, with driving, with reading, with media, with understanding the world around them.

How sad, then, that millions of Americans are at risk for losing their sight because of a disease that is preventable: diabetic retinopathy.

What is Diabetic Retinopathy?

Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of vision damage and vision loss in American adults.

How Common is Diabetic Retinopathy?

It is estimated that about 1 in 3 people with diabetes will develop this problem, though not all will progress to full blindness. The longer a person has diabetes, the longer they do not have good blood sugar control, the greater the risk of this disorder.

What Causes Diabetic Retinopathy?

In 2020, about 35 million Americans had diabetes and 88 million had pre-diabetes. These abnormal blood sugar levels are killing our eyesight!

One way to measure blood sugar health is the hemoglobin A1c test (HbA1c) test. Levels greater than 7.0 are associated with a 3.5 times increase in severity of diabetic retinopathy. It absolutely pays to reduce blood sugar levels to preserve eyesight, and there are many lifestyle changes and natural compounds such as Hintonia latiflora, cinnamon, and berberine that can help with that.

However, the topic of this article is looking at nutrients that directly affect vision.

Recommended Nutrition

These nutrients are well known, but not necessarily well known for preserving vision and addressing retinopathy: curcumin, grape seed extract, melatonin, and propolis.

• Curcumin

  Curcumin is the most powerful herbal anti-inflammatory that I have ever encountered, and it is a potent antioxidant as well. Both functions play a role in preventing the damage that leads to diabetic retinopathy.

  In a 2018 study on enhanced-absorption curcumin with turmeric essential oil (BCM-95 Curcumin) demonstrated that 1,500 mg of curcumin daily could significantly reduce a marker of inflammation called the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in ten weeks. The hs-CRP test is highly predictive of many diseases, and some researchers have proposed that CRP levels be used as a biomarker to evaluate the severity of diabetic retinopathy. That means that reducing CRP is strongly correlated with reducing eye damage.

  Another 2018 study using a curcumin phytosome (Meriva) demonstrated that taking 1,000 mg for three months significantly improved visual acuity in 83 percent of participants with diabetic macular edema, a very common complication of diabetic retinopathy.

  The use of curcumin for preservation of eyesight can be highly effective, but the best results occur when curcumin is better absorbed, so look for enhanced-absorption products.

• Grape Seed Extract

  Grape seed extract is a rich source of compounds called polyphenols. One type of polyphenol, called oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC), is enormously beneficial for a wide variety of health problems, with studies on cancer, diabetes, hypertension, and liver and cardiovascular diseases.

  The same mechanism of action that makes it a powerful natural medicine for all these diseases makes it great for preventing retinopathy and helping to maintain vision in people who already have damaging eye changes.

  However, the OPCs that are so beneficial come in a variety of sizes, and not all are absorbable. The largest size OPCs are called tannins and are too big for absorption. It is useful to make sure the grape seed extract you choose is 100 percent absorbable and tannin-free for superior results.

  Grape seed extract is also a super-potent antioxidant and has some anti-inflammatory activity as well. One aspect of retinopathy is the collapse and/or clogging of the tiny blood vessels that feed the eye. The OPCs in grape seed extract can protect those tiny vessels. Additionally, grape seed extract has antidiabetic properties.

  A 2019 study demonstrated that grape seed extract was superior to a prescription medication used for diabetic retinopathy. Patients received 150 mg grape seed extract or 750 mg of calcium dobesilate per day. At the end of the 12-month study, people in the grape seed extract group had significant improvements in factors related to diabetic retinopathy. Treatment success was highest in the grape seed extract group at 43.9 percent, versus 14.3 percent in the prescription drug group.

• Melatonin

  I know that most folks think of melatonin as a sleep aid, but it is so much more than that. I always think of it as the conductor of a great orchestra. Melatonin sets the rhythm and directs all the instruments to play at certain intervals and with varying levels of intensity.

  It influences everything from your blood pressure to how quickly you digest food, so it should not be surprising that it plays a powerful role in eye health, too.

  Melatonin is made mainly in the pineal gland in the brain, but it is also synthesized in the retina of the eye to help to protect against oxidative stress and damage.

  A clinical study on a retinal disease called central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) found that melatonin could improve visual function. Participants were given a placebo or 3 mg of melatonin three times per day. After one-month, 87.5 percent of the participants in the melatonin group

  experienced a significant improvement in visual acuity. Additionally, the participants also experienced a reduction in macular thickness, indicating a positive response and decrease in edema in the eye. This is good news for people who already struggle with changes related to retinopathy.

• Propolis

  Another effective natural medicine that can help with diabetic retinopathy is propolis. Propolis is a plant substance collected by bees, then mixed with other bee compounds and deposited in the structure to protect the health of the hive and all its inhabitants. It is potently antiviral and antibacterial but has vision preservation properties as well.

  A 2019 research study demonstrated that propolis could help prevent diabetes-associated retinal changes. Propolis was shown to protect the retina in several ways, including reductions in fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, and inflammatory compounds. The researchers showed that propolis also protected the retinal barrier from oxidative changes.

• Other Nutrients

  There are so many other nutrients that are beneficial for vision in general and eye diseases in particular.

  • All the carotenoids, especially beta carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin are useful, as are vitamins such as A, C, and E.
  • Bilberry and blueberry contain nutrients that promote healthy vision.
  • Ginkgo, often used for memory and brain function, is also beneficial for improving blood flow to the retina.

  The list goes on. There is no single natural medicine that does it all, so you may want to consider pulling together a protocol that works best for you.